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Preterm labor and birth is often associated with a cascade of challenges, both for the mother and the baby. Preterm labor refers to the beginning of labor much earlier, ie, before 37 weeks, while a normal pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks. It is a common concern in high-risk obstetrics and demands close medical attention, as in most cases, preterm labor leads to preterm births. Preterm birth refers to the delivery of a baby before 37 weeks. In such cases the chances of the newborn having health complications are higher, with the health issues ranging from respiratory disorders and cerebral palsy to infections.

Understanding the Symptoms

Preterm labor can lead to either effacement or dilation of the cervix. Recognising the symptoms early can be crucial in taking appropriate action to manage this high-risk pregnancy condition. Here are a few noticeable signs that may suggest you are going into preterm labor:

• Cramps in the abdomen, which are usually mild and may or may not occur with diarrhea.
• Changes in vaginal discharge – mostly a change in the texture and increase in volume.
• Pressure in the pelvis or abdomen.
• Lower back ache which is usually mild but persistent.
• Sudden rush of amniotic fluid due to rupture of the membrane.

Possible Risk Factors

A patient with a history of preterm birth is more likely to be prone to the risk factors for preterm labor. A short cervix which is identified during an ultrasound scan or early cervical dilation detected during a pelvic exam could also point towards the possibility of preterm labor. Complications in the current pregnancy including infections or bleeding can increase the likelihood of preterm birth. Also, certain lifestyle habits including alcohol consumption and smoking could become triggering factors for high-risk pregnancy and subsequent possibility of preterm labor and childbirth.

Steps for Reducing the Risk

Prevention of preterm labor is challenging. However certain steps could be taken to reduce the risks and complications associated with it. The foremost step is timely supervision of the pregnant woman’s health, which can help in the early identification of any risk factors and allows for timely medical intervention if necessary. Women with a history of preterm birth or a short cervix may benefit from progesterone therapy or cervical cerclage to help reduce the risk of preterm labor. Vaginal and urinary infections could trigger early labor and it is important to take necessary care if these occur during pregnancy. Lifestyle modifications such as avoiding smoking, alcohol, and stress, along with maintaining a healthy weight, also play a vital role.

Prompt Action During High-Risk Pregnancy Cases

High risk obstetrics calls for timely recognition and accurate actions. With StudyHRO’s High-Risk Obstetrics courses, you will be equipped as a clinician who possesses the skills and confidence to handle high-risk cases.  For healthcare professionals, staying updated on evidence-based protocols and hands-on skills is essential and that is what we provide at StudyHRO. Join now and hone your skills with us. Feel free to contact our team today to know more about our courses.

Authored By: Pooja Premraj